Banco Santander (Brazil) SA is part of Grupo Santander, a Spanish bank in Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Chile. The operations are divided into two major divisions: Banco Comercial provides services and products to individuals and companies. Revenue in this segment derives from banking and financial products and services available to account holders and non-account holders. Global Wholesale Banking offers a wide range of tailored domestic and international financial services and structured solutions for global corporate clients, comprised mostly of local and multinational companies. The bank operates in Brazil and internationally.
Total capital is Tier 1 equity capital, consisting of equity capital, disclosed reserves and Tier 2 capital, made up of revaluation reserves, undisclosed reserves, hybrid instruments and subordinated term debt.
Risk-weighted assets are used to determine the minimum amount of capital a bank must hold in relation to the risk profile of its lending activities and other assets. This is done in order to reduce the risk of insolvency and protect depositors. The more risk a bank has, the more capital it needs on hand. The capital requirement is based on a risk assessment for each type of bank asset. For example, a loan that is secured by a letter of credit is considered to be riskier than a mortgage loan that is secured with collateral and thus requires more capital.
Minimum capital adequacy ratios are critical in ensuring that banks have enough cushion to absorb a reasonable amount of losses before they become insolvent and consequently lose depositors’ funds. The minimum ratio of capital to risk-weighted assets is 8% under Basel II and 10.5% under Basel III.
The liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) refers to the proportion of highly liquid assets held by financial institutions, to ensure their ongoing ability to meet short-term obligations. The LCR is a requirement under Basel III whereby banks are required to hold an amount of high-quality liquid assets that's enough to fund cash outflows for 30 days.
A nonperforming asset (NPA) refers to a classification for loans or advances that are in default or in arrears. A loan is in arrears when principal or interest payments are late or missed. A loan is in default when the lender considers the loan agreement to be broken and the debtor is unable to meet his obligations. In most cases, debt is classified as nonperforming when loan payments have not been made for a period of 90 days.
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